Simplicius and Aristotle's Dialectic, 2023
By: Baltussen, Han, Muzala, Melina (Ed.)
Title Simplicius and Aristotle's Dialectic
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2023
Published in Ancient Greek Dialectic and Its Reception
Pages 441-456
Categories no categories
Author(s) Baltussen, Han
Editor(s) Muzala, Melina
Translator(s)
The focus of this chapter is one aspect of Aristotle’s dialectic which has been under-explored until recently and may throw some light on the approach of the late Platonist philosopher and scholar Simplicius (c. 480–c. 540 CE), in particular his Aristotelian tendencies when it comes to constructing his huge commentaries. I am referring to one of the possible applications of the dialectical method as sketched by Aristotle in his first and eighth books of the Topics. In my previous work I have been studying this aspect of Aristotle’s methodology, emphasizing the important distinction between propaedeutic and applied dialectic. At the core of those efforts was an attempt to show how one can take Aristotle’s claims for a scientific use of dialectic seriously, so long as we have a proper understanding of the status of propaedeutic dialectic as it is expounded in his Topics (school prac- tice and exercises) against the applied form of (evolved) dialectic which goes far beyond this early form, debating skills which have become transformed into an internalized form of dialectic.

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“Reputable Opinions” (endoxa) in Aristotle, Theophrastus, and Simplicius. Doxography or Endoxography?, 2022
By: Baltussen, Han, Lammer, Andreas (Ed.), Jas, Mareike (Ed.)
Title “Reputable Opinions” (endoxa) in Aristotle, Theophrastus, and Simplicius. Doxography or Endoxography?
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2022
Published in Received Opinions: Doxography in Antiquity and the Islamic World
Pages 151-174
Categories no categories
Author(s) Baltussen, Han
Editor(s) Lammer, Andreas , Jas, Mareike
Translator(s)
[Introduction, p. 8-9: Aristotle, Theophrastus, and Simplicius are at the centre of Han Baltussen’s paper in this volume. Starting with Aristotle’s use of earlier opinions and the methodical framework provided by the Topics, Baltussen considers different kinds of collections of doxai (or perhaps of endoxa, which in Aristotle may turn some doxographies rather into “endoxographies”). He argues that a distinction between doxography and endoxography may clarify several aspects regarding the development of the long tradition of doxaidiscussions, inasmuch as it helps to gain insight into the origin of doxography itself and its relation to the early Peripatetic habit of evaluating earlier opinions, i.e. of “applied dialectics.” Seen in this light, Simplicius’ way of reading Aristotle can also be analysed within the framework of his commentaries to elucidate his philosophical agenda and his version of the endoxographical method].

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Simplicius and the Commentator's Task: Clarifying Exegeses and Exegetical Techniques, 2019
By: Baltussen, Han, Strobel, Benedikt (Ed.)
Title Simplicius and the Commentator's Task: Clarifying Exegeses and Exegetical Techniques
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2019
Published in Die Kunst der philosophischen Exegese bei den spätanitken Platon- und Aristoteles Kommentatoren. Akten der 15. Tagung der Karl und Gertrud Abel-Stiftung vom 4. bis 6. Oktober 2012 in Trier
Pages 159-183
Categories no categories
Author(s) Baltussen, Han
Editor(s) Strobel, Benedikt
Translator(s)
Simplicius’ exegetical strategies are explicitly and implicitly formed by what he was reading. What we still have shows him reading Aristotle and his interpreters. His isolation resulting from Justinian’s prohibition on pagan teaching activity may have contributed to the length of his expositions – which makes it plausible, therefore, that both historical and ideological reasons help to explain the size and approach of his works. In broad terms, we can characterise his method as close reading of texts, the use of multiple texts and authors, based on lemmata and an overall mixed agenda (pedagogy, philosophy, ideology). At a more detailed level we saw that he is capable of handling text variations and different manuscripts, speaks in a self-effacing way (a personal voice is rare), and uses advanced exegetical strategies (majority views important; letter vs. spirit; technical terminology). All these features justify the conclusion that his work was a synthesis of both philosophical views and their exegetical clarifications. Overall, Simplicius’ aim to annotate Aristotle’s work and preserve Greek philosophy with its exegetical tradition makes for a truly polymathic program driven by different, and sometimes competing, agendas. [conclusion, p. 180]

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§ 162. Simplikios, 2018
By: Baltussen, Han, Horn, Christoph (Ed.), Riedweg, Christoph (Ed.), Wyrwa, Dietmar (Ed.)
Title § 162. Simplikios
Type Book Section
Language German
Date 2018
Published in Die Philosophie der Antike (Band 5: Philosophie der Kaiserzeit und der Spätantike) (= Grundriss der Geschichte der Philosophie: Die Philosophie der Antike. Band 5/3)
Pages 2060-2084
Categories no categories
Author(s) Baltussen, Han
Editor(s) Horn, Christoph , Riedweg, Christoph , Wyrwa, Dietmar
Translator(s)
Eintrag über Leben und Wirken von Simplikios.

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Simplikios","main_title":{"title":"\u00a7 162. Simplikios"},"abstract":"Eintrag \u00fcber Leben und Wirken von Simplikios.","btype":2,"date":"2018","language":"German","online_url":"","online_resources":"https:\/\/uni-koeln.sciebo.de\/s\/CDSfMYKD1IDhJm3","doi_url":null,"categories":[],"authors":[{"id":39,"full_name":"Baltussen, Han","role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"}},{"id":256,"full_name":"Horn, Christoph","role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"}},{"id":386,"full_name":"Riedweg, Christoph","role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"}},{"id":387,"full_name":"Wyrwa, Dietmar","role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"}}],"book":null,"booksection":{"id":653,"section_of":288,"pages":"2060-2084","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":288,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":null,"type":4,"language":"de","title":"Die Philosophie der Antike (Band 5: Philosophie der Kaiserzeit und der Sp\u00e4tantike) (= Grundriss der Geschichte der Philosophie: Die Philosophie der Antike. Band 5\/3)","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2018","edition_no":null,"free_date":"2015","abstract":"Mehr als f\u00fcnfzig international auf ihrem Gebiet f\u00fchrende Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler pr\u00e4sentieren in diesem f\u00fcnften und letzten Band der Reihe \u00abDie Philosophie der Antike\u00bb das \u00fcberaus facettenreiche pagane, j\u00fcdische und fr\u00fchchristliche philosophische Erbe der ersten sieben Jahrhunderte nach Christus \u2013 einer Periode, in der die Grundlagen nicht nur der abendl\u00e4ndischen und byzantinischen, sondern auch der islamischen Denktradition gelegt worden sind. Mit den detaillierten und umfassenden Darstellungen, die den neuesten Stand der philosophiegeschichtlichen Forschung reflektieren, zielt das Werk darauf ab, f\u00fcr die Philosophie der Kaiserzeit und der Sp\u00e4tantike zur ersten Anlaufstelle f\u00fcr Forschende der Altertumswissenschaften, aber auch der Theologie, der Philosophie, der Judaistik und der Islamwissenschaft sowie allgemein der Geisteswissenschaften zu werden.\r\n\r\nDer Disposition liegt die \u00dcberzeugung zugrunde, dass mit der paganen und der j\u00fcdisch-\u00adchristlichen Philosophie nicht etwa zwei gro\u00dfe weltanschauliche Bl\u00f6cke gegeneinander abzugrenzen und somit isoliert zu betrachten sind, sondern dass es angemessener ist, diese in ihrem lebendigen Austausch miteinander darzustellen. Entsprechend wurde f\u00fcr den Bandaufbau ein Mischprinzip gew\u00e4hlt, bei dem die chronologische Folge die zentrale Rolle spielt, zudem aber auch das Lehrer-Sch\u00fcler-Verh\u00e4ltnis, die Schulzugeh\u00f6rigkeit eines Autors und schlie\u00dflich ebenfalls seine religi\u00f6se Orientierung und seine geografische Situierung ber\u00fccksichtigt werden. So gelingt es, die zum Teil \u00fcberraschenden Interdependenzen zwischen Autoren und Schulen, die durchaus religions\u00fcbergreifend festzustellen sind, deutlicher herauszuarbeiten. Die faszinierende, bis heute in unserer Kultur stark nachwirkende Epoche wird auf diese Art \u00e4u\u00dferst plastisch beschrieben und f\u00fcr die Gegenwart erschlossen.","republication_of":null,"online_url":"","online_resources":"https:\/\/uni-koeln.sciebo.de\/s\/HHsxR43uiarFosY","translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"doi_url":null,"book":{"id":288,"pubplace":"Basel","publisher":"Schwabe","series":"","volume":"5\/3","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":[2018]}

Simplicius on elements and causes in Greek philosophy: critical appraisal or philosophical synthesis?, 2015
By: Baltussen, Han, Marmodoro, Anna (Ed.), Prince, Brian (Ed.)
Title Simplicius on elements and causes in Greek philosophy: critical appraisal or philosophical synthesis?
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2015
Published in Causation and Creation in Late Antiquity
Pages 111-128
Categories no categories
Author(s) Baltussen, Han
Editor(s) Marmodoro, Anna , Prince, Brian
Translator(s)
M y aim in this chapter is to examine Sim plicius’ technique o f com pos­ ition and how it helps structure his evaluative com m ents. Such an investi­ gation will clarify how his remarkably inclusive selection procedure seeks to draw on w hatever sources he thinks useful for his purpose. [p. 111]

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Philosophers, Exegetes, Scholars: The Ancient Philosophical Commentary from Plato to Simplicius, 2015
By: Baltussen, Han, Kraus, Christina S. (Ed.), Stray, Christopher (Ed.)
Title Philosophers, Exegetes, Scholars: The Ancient Philosophical Commentary from Plato to Simplicius
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2015
Published in Classical Commentaries: Explorations in a Scholarly Genre
Pages 173-194
Categories no categories
Author(s) Baltussen, Han
Editor(s) Kraus, Christina S. , Stray, Christopher
Translator(s)
This chapter traces the evolution of the philosophical commentary and aims to show how the increasingly scholarly nature of the commentary culture exerted a distinctive influence on philosophical methods and discourses. While Plato was perhaps a proto-exegete, systematic commenting only took off in the first century bee once an authoritative “corpus” of works had been established. Commenting on specific texts became an important way to philosophize. The ancient philosophical commentary thus emerged as a “natural by-product” of the ongoing dialogue between teachers and students. Good evidence for written commentary is found in the first century BCE and CE, foreshadowing the rise of the full running commentary of a quite scholarly nature by Aristotelians like Aspasius and Alexander of Aphrodisias (2nd c. CE); after Plotinus (205-270 CE) the Platonists added their own interpretive works on Aristotle, leading to the comprehensive exegeses of Proclus (fifth c.) and Simplicius (sixth c. CE).

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Simplicius, On Aristotle ‘Physics 1.5–9’, 2012
By: Simplicius , Baltussen, Han (Ed.), Atkinson, Michael (Ed.), Share, Michael (Ed.), Mueller, Ian (Ed.)
Title Simplicius, On Aristotle ‘Physics 1.5–9’
Type Monograph
Language English
Date 2012
Publication Place London
Publisher Bloomsbury
Series Ancient Commentators on Aristotle
Categories no categories
Author(s) Simplicius
Editor(s) Baltussen, Han , Atkinson, Michael , Share, Michael , Mueller, Ian
Translator(s) Baltussen, Han(Baltussen, Han) , Atkinson, M.(Atkinson, Michael ) , Share, Michael (Share, Michael ) , Mueller, Ian(Mueller, Ian) ,
Simplicius' greatest contribution in his commentary on Aristotle on Physics 1.5-9 lies in his treatment of matter. The sixth-century philosopher starts with a valuable elucidation of what Aristotle means by 'principle' and 'element' in Physics. Simplicius' own conception of matter is of a quantity that is utterly diffuse because of its extreme distance from its source, the Neoplatonic One, and he tries to find this conception both in Plato's account of space and in a stray remark of Aristotle's. Finally, Simplicius rejects the Manichaean view that matter is evil and answers a Christian objection that to make matter imperishable is to put it on a level with God. This is the first translation of Simplicius' important work into English. [official abstact]

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[official abstact]","btype":1,"date":"2012","language":"English","online_url":"","online_resources":"https:\/\/uni-koeln.sciebo.de\/s\/oDOpblWQWChcrih","doi_url":null,"categories":[],"authors":[{"id":39,"full_name":"Baltussen, Han","role":{"id":3,"role_name":"translator"}},{"id":445,"full_name":"Atkinson, Michael ","role":{"id":3,"role_name":"translator"}},{"id":27,"full_name":"Share, Michael ","role":{"id":3,"role_name":"translator"}},{"id":270,"full_name":"Mueller, Ian","role":{"id":3,"role_name":"translator"}},{"id":62,"full_name":"Simplicius Cilicius","role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"}},{"id":39,"full_name":"Baltussen, Han","role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"}},{"id":445,"full_name":"Atkinson, Michael ","role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"}},{"id":27,"full_name":"Share, Michael ","role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"}},{"id":270,"full_name":"Mueller, Ian","role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"}}],"book":{"id":124,"pubplace":"London","publisher":"Bloomsbury","series":"Ancient Commentators on Aristotle","volume":"","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null},"booksection":null,"article":null},"sort":[2012]}

Simplicius and the Subversion of Authority, 2010
By: Baltussen, Han
Title Simplicius and the Subversion of Authority
Type Article
Language English
Date 2010
Journal Antiquorum Philosophial
Volume 3
Pages 121-136
Categories no categories
Author(s) Baltussen, Han
Editor(s)
Translator(s)
Simplicius’ elaborate commentaries, written after 532 c.e., have always stood apart in the post-Plotinian tradition of late Platonism.1 Unlike many philosophical com- mentaries from 300-500 ad (Porphyry, Syrianus, Iamblichus, Proclus, Damascius), they are not notes taken in class ‘from the voice of the teacher’ (apo phônês), they are not short on clear source references, nor are they, on the whole, cavalier in representing oth- er people’s views. Instead, they are very scholarly due to lavish source materials, full of actual quotations, and make use of source referencing. These features illustrate how he aims to be well-documented, responsible and comprehensive in his clarification of Aris- totle’s text. One other peculiarity which has been noted by students of late Platonism (also clarified in my recent study of his methodology),2 is his attempt to counteract the intellectual influence of Christianity and their accusations of disunity among pagans, against which they placed the unified theology of the Trinity: he aims to present the Greek philosophical tradition as unified. [p. 121]

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Simplicius of Cilicia, 2010
By: Baltussen, Han, Gerson, Lloyd P. (Ed.)
Title Simplicius of Cilicia
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2010
Published in The Cambridge History of Philosophy in Late Antiquity, Volume II
Pages 711-732
Categories no categories
Author(s) Baltussen, Han
Editor(s) Gerson, Lloyd P.
Translator(s)
The text discusses the life and works of Simplicius of Cilicia, a philosopher from the 6th century CE. Little is known about his life, but he received education from prominent figures such as Ammonius in Alexandria and Damascius in Athens. Simplicius' philosophical outlook was influenced by Porphyry, Iamblichus, and Proclus. The expulsion of Platonists from Athens in 532 CE halted school activities, and Simplicius' life span is estimated to be around 480-560 CE. The abstract mentions the debates about where Simplicius went after his trip to Persia, with some suggesting Harran in Syria as a possible safe haven. The works attributed to Simplicius include commentaries on Aristotle's Categories, Physics, and On the Heavens, and possibly Metaphysics (lost) and De Anima. He also wrote a commentary on Epictetus' Handbook and a summary version of Theophrastus' Physics. Simplicius' importance as a source for ancient Greek philosophy and science has sometimes overshadowed his contributions as an independent thinker. The methodology of Simplicius' vast output is discussed, highlighting his role in transmitting Greek philosophy and science. While he is known for using quotations to substantiate and clarify his work, he is not merely seen as a conduit of earlier thinkers. The text emphasizes the need to view Simplicius as an independent thinker and not just a commentator. The neglectful view of Simplicius in the past is attributed to a focus on fragment-hunting and the recovery of early Greek philosophy. [introduction]

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Priscianus of Ludia, 2008
By: Baltussen, Han, Keyser, Paul T. (Ed.), Irby-Massie, Georgia L. (Ed.)
Title Priscianus of Ludia
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2008
Published in The Encyclopedia of Ancient Natural Scientist. The Greek tradition and its many heirs
Pages 695-696
Categories no categories
Author(s) Baltussen, Han
Editor(s) Keyser, Paul T. , Irby-Massie, Georgia L.
Translator(s)
This text provides a brief overview of Priscianus of Ludia, a Neo-Platonic philosopher who was active in Athens during Justinian's reign. [whole text]

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  • PAGE 1 OF 3
Addenda Eudemea, 2006
By: Baltussen, Han
Title Addenda Eudemea
Type Article
Language English
Date 2006
Journal Leeds International Classical Studies
Volume 5
Issue 1
Pages 1-28
Categories no categories
Author(s) Baltussen, Han
Editor(s)
Translator(s)
This  paper  presents  16  fragments  of  the  Peripatetic  philosopher  Eudemus  (c. 350-290 BC), which were not printed in the (still) standard edition of Wehrli (1955; revised  1969),  but  which  had  been  signalled  in  passing  by  De  Lacy  (1957)  and  Gottschalk (1973). The aim is to provide a text with translation and brief annotation, to be included in a future edition, and to argue that context can add to our understanding of these  passages.  Their  importance  lies  in  bringing  greater  comprehensiveness  to  the  collection,  offering  at  least  five  additional  (near)  quotations,  and  illustrating  the  new  trend  in  fragment  studies  to  contextualize  fragments  on  several  levels  in  order  to  gain  further insight into their value and reception. [Author's abstract]

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Aristotelianism as a commentary tradition, 2004
By: Fazzo, Silvia, Adamson, Peter (Ed.), Baltussen, Han (Ed.), Stone, Martin W. F. (Ed.)
Title Aristotelianism as a commentary tradition
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2004
Published in Philosophy, Science and Exegesis in Greek, Arabic and Latin commentaries, Volume 1
Pages 1-19
Categories no categories
Author(s) Fazzo, Silvia
Editor(s) Adamson, Peter , Baltussen, Han , Stone, Martin W. F.
Translator(s)
[Conclusion, p. 14]: We have seen that it was only in the twentieth century, after the two  World Wars,  that  the 
study of Commentaria in Aristotelem Graeca began to  come  into  its  own  as  a  field  of 
research.44 Among  the first  to  make  profitable  use  of  the  CAG  were  those  Orientalists, 
chiefly from Germany,  who  were interested  in  Greek-Arabic connections  and  translations. 
In the case of Alexander, the availability of critical editions of the texts made it possible to 
identify the Greek counterparts of many short pieces  transmitted  in  Arabic  under his  name 
but with titles different from those familiar to us.

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F.","free_first_name":"Martin W. F.","free_last_name":"Stone","norm_person":{"id":111,"first_name":"Martin W. F.","last_name":"Stone","full_name":"Stone, Martin W. F.","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/132001543","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null}}],"entry_title":"Aristotelianism as a commentary tradition","main_title":{"title":"Aristotelianism as a commentary tradition"},"abstract":"[Conclusion, p. 14]: We have seen that it was only in the twentieth century, after the two World Wars, that the \r\nstudy of Commentaria in Aristotelem Graeca began to come into its own as a field of \r\nresearch.44 Among the first to make profitable use of the CAG were those Orientalists, \r\nchiefly from Germany, who were interested in Greek-Arabic connections and translations. \r\nIn the case of Alexander, the availability of critical editions of the texts made it possible to \r\nidentify the Greek counterparts of many short pieces transmitted in Arabic under his name \r\nbut with titles different from those familiar to us.","btype":2,"date":"2004","language":"English","online_url":"","online_resources":"https:\/\/uni-koeln.sciebo.de\/s\/ARmAVVKwXAN0Dk6","doi_url":null,"categories":[],"authors":[{"id":77,"full_name":"Fazzo, Silvia","role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"}},{"id":98,"full_name":"Adamson, Peter","role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"}},{"id":39,"full_name":"Baltussen, Han","role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"}},{"id":111,"full_name":"Stone, Martin W. F.","role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"}}],"book":null,"booksection":{"id":552,"section_of":233,"pages":"1-19","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":233,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":null,"type":4,"language":"en","title":"Philosophy, Science and Exegesis in Greek, Arabic and Latin commentaries, Volume 1","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"Adamson\/Baltussen\/Stone2004","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2004","edition_no":null,"free_date":"2004","abstract":"This two volume Supplement to the Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies represents the proceedings of a conference held at the Institute on 27-29 June, 2002 in honour of Richard Sorabji. These volumes, which are intended to build on the massive achievement of Professor Sorabji\u2019s Ancient Commentators on Aristotle series, focus on the commentary as a vehicle of philosophical and scientific thought. Volume One deals with the Greek tradition, including one paper on Byzantine philosophy and one on the Latin author Calcidius, who is very close to the late Greek tradition in outlook. The volume begins with an overview of the tradition of commenting on Aristotle and of the study of this tradition in the modern era. It concludes with an up-to-date bibliography of scholarship devoted to the commentators.","republication_of":null,"online_url":"","online_resources":"https:\/\/uni-koeln.sciebo.de\/s\/AV77iy4WOXfGTHR","translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"doi_url":null,"book":{"id":233,"pubplace":"London","publisher":"Institute of Classical Studies","series":"Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies (BICS)","volume":"Supplement 83.1","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":["Aristotelianism as a commentary tradition"]}

Early Reactions to Plato’s Timaeus: polemic and exegesis in Theophrastus and Epicurus, 2003
By: Baltussen, Han, Sharples, Robert W. (Ed.), Sheppard, Anne D. (Ed.)
Title Early Reactions to Plato’s Timaeus: polemic and exegesis in Theophrastus and Epicurus
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2003
Published in Ancient Approaches to Plato's Timaeus
Pages 49-71
Categories no categories
Author(s) Baltussen, Han
Editor(s) Sharples, Robert W. , Sheppard, Anne D.
Translator(s)
We are reasonably well informed about what might justly be thought of as the commentary 
tradition of the late Hellenistic and late antique period. In this series of papers on the theme 
‘Plato’s  Timaeus and  the  Commentary Tradition’  an  obvious choice  of topic has  been  to 
discuss the works of authors who explicitly declare to be commenting upon or clarifying the 
text  o f an  author.  Most papers  in  this  volume have  therefore justly seen  it as their task to 
clarify the interaction between one commentator and the Timaeus.
My perspective is slightly different.  Commentary as  we  usually see it must have  had  its 
precursors  in  some  form  or  other.  As  it  happens,  we  have  some  evidence  related  to  the 
Timaeus which makes this a reasonable assumption. I therefore want to look at two thinkers 
whose  interpretative  efforts  occur  at  the  beginnings  of the  ‘commentary tradition’ .  Here 
things are less clear and well-defined in that at this end o f the scale we are dealing with the 
emergence  o f exegesis.  This  means  that  certain  fundamental  assumptions  -   eg.  what  a 
commentary or a commentator is -  would no longer have an obvious value as starting points 
and that important questions about the interaction between authors and texts (such as  ‘what 
is  a  commentary?’,  ‘what  form  did  the  interpretation  of  texts  take?’  or  ‘when  do 
commentaries emerge?’) require a fresh look. [p. 49]

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In this series of papers on the theme \r\n\u2018Plato\u2019s Timaeus and the Commentary Tradition\u2019 an obvious choice of topic has been to \r\ndiscuss the works of authors who explicitly declare to be commenting upon or clarifying the \r\ntext o f an author. Most papers in this volume have therefore justly seen it as their task to \r\nclarify the interaction between one commentator and the Timaeus.\r\nMy perspective is slightly different. Commentary as we usually see it must have had its \r\nprecursors in some form or other. As it happens, we have some evidence related to the \r\nTimaeus which makes this a reasonable assumption. I therefore want to look at two thinkers \r\nwhose interpretative efforts occur at the beginnings of the \u2018commentary tradition\u2019 . Here \r\nthings are less clear and well-defined in that at this end o f the scale we are dealing with the \r\nemergence o f exegesis. This means that certain fundamental assumptions - eg. what a \r\ncommentary or a commentator is - would no longer have an obvious value as starting points \r\nand that important questions about the interaction between authors and texts (such as \u2018what \r\nis a commentary?\u2019, \u2018what form did the interpretation of texts take?\u2019 or \u2018when do \r\ncommentaries emerge?\u2019) require a fresh look. [p. 49]","btype":2,"date":"2003","language":"English","online_url":"","online_resources":"https:\/\/uni-koeln.sciebo.de\/s\/MH2yCoPHJ3hq5XF","doi_url":null,"categories":[],"authors":[{"id":39,"full_name":"Baltussen, Han","role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"}},{"id":42,"full_name":"Sharples, Robert W.","role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"}},{"id":43,"full_name":"Sheppard, Anne D.","role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"}}],"book":null,"booksection":{"id":971,"section_of":157,"pages":"49-71","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":157,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":null,"type":4,"language":"en","title":"Ancient Approaches to Plato's Timaeus","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"Sharples\/Sheppard2003","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2003","edition_no":null,"free_date":"2003","abstract":"Twelve academic essays, given during the Institute of Classical Studies research seminar in 2000 and 2001, examine Plato's vision of the `real world' as he presented it in Timaeus while considering the text's influence on classical philosophers and scientists. Specific subjects include astronomy, the reactions of Aristotle and others to Timaeus , Hellenistic musicology, Proclus' Commentary , comparisons with Aristotle's Physics , mythology.","republication_of":null,"online_url":"","online_resources":"https:\/\/uni-koeln.sciebo.de\/s\/2ocEqA4hdMXnPzv","translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"doi_url":null,"book":{"id":157,"pubplace":"University of London","publisher":"Institute of Classical Studies","series":"Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies","volume":"46, Supplement 78","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":["Early Reactions to Plato\u2019s Timaeus: polemic and exegesis in Theophrastus and Epicurus"]}

Exegesis in the Derveni Papyrus, 2004
By: Betegh, Gábor, Adamson, Peter (Ed.), Baltussen, Han (Ed.), Stone, Martin W. F. (Ed.)
Title Exegesis in the Derveni Papyrus
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2004
Published in Philosophy, Science and Exegesis in Greek, Arabic and Latin commentaries, Volume 1
Pages 37-50
Categories no categories
Author(s) Betegh, Gábor
Editor(s) Adamson, Peter , Baltussen, Han , Stone, Martin W. F.
Translator(s)
The text of the Derveni papyrus has often been labeled ‘a commentary’, or a hypomnema 
and its unidentified author has habitually been called ‘the Derveni commentator.’ The roll, 
which was found among the remains of the funeral pyre of a Macedonian tomb, has been 
dated to the last third of the fourth century BC on the basis of the archeological evidence. 
Moreover, there is an overriding consensus among scholars that the text was composed 
sometime around the end of the Presocratic period.1 Given this early dating of the text, it 
appears to be most significant for our knowledge of the early, pre-Hellenistic phase of the 
commentary tradition. Indeed, if both the dating and the above characterization is correct, 
the Derveni text is probably the earliest surviving specimen of this genre, and certainly the 
earliest document providing first-hand evidence of sufficient length for direct textual 
analysis.Alas, things with the Derveni papyrus are never so clear-cut. Most importantly, it is not 
entirely evident whether it is legitimate to call the whole text a ‘commentary’ at all, and, if 
so, with what qualifications. This is the basic question that I shall try to examine in this 
paper. I shall tackle the issue by breaking it down into two, more or less independent, sets 
of problems. The first of the two is largely formal and relatively simple. It amounts to 
asking whether or not the  Derveni  text, or more  precisely  what  has  survived  of it, 
conforms with certain formal  and structural features that we normally expect from a 
commentary. The second set of problems is considerably more complex. To put it bluntly, 
I shall ask why the Derveni author set out in the first place to interpret the object of his 
exegesis. This question thus pertains to both the author’s cognitive and pragmatic attitude 
towards the object of his interpretative enterprise, and, closely related to these, to the 
specific cultural and sociological context in which the author pursues his exegesis. It is 
also in this second part that I shall try to present a sympathetic rendering of the so-called 
‘allegorical’ method of the Derveni author. [Introduction, p. 37]

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F.","free_first_name":"Martin W. F.","free_last_name":"Stone","norm_person":{"id":111,"first_name":"Martin W. F.","last_name":"Stone","full_name":"Stone, Martin W. F.","short_ident":"","is_classical_name":null,"dnb_url":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/132001543","viaf_url":"","db_url":"","from_claudius":null}}],"entry_title":"Exegesis in the Derveni Papyrus","main_title":{"title":"Exegesis in the Derveni Papyrus"},"abstract":"The text of the Derveni papyrus has often been labeled \u2018a commentary\u2019, or a hypomnema \r\nand its unidentified author has habitually been called \u2018the Derveni commentator.\u2019 The roll, \r\nwhich was found among the remains of the funeral pyre of a Macedonian tomb, has been \r\ndated to the last third of the fourth century BC on the basis of the archeological evidence. \r\nMoreover, there is an overriding consensus among scholars that the text was composed \r\nsometime around the end of the Presocratic period.1 Given this early dating of the text, it \r\nappears to be most significant for our knowledge of the early, pre-Hellenistic phase of the \r\ncommentary tradition. Indeed, if both the dating and the above characterization is correct, \r\nthe Derveni text is probably the earliest surviving specimen of this genre, and certainly the \r\nearliest document providing first-hand evidence of sufficient length for direct textual \r\nanalysis.Alas, things with the Derveni papyrus are never so clear-cut. Most importantly, it is not \r\nentirely evident whether it is legitimate to call the whole text a \u2018commentary\u2019 at all, and, if \r\nso, with what qualifications. This is the basic question that I shall try to examine in this \r\npaper. I shall tackle the issue by breaking it down into two, more or less independent, sets \r\nof problems. The first of the two is largely formal and relatively simple. It amounts to \r\nasking whether or not the Derveni text, or more precisely what has survived of it, \r\nconforms with certain formal and structural features that we normally expect from a \r\ncommentary. The second set of problems is considerably more complex. To put it bluntly, \r\nI shall ask why the Derveni author set out in the first place to interpret the object of his \r\nexegesis. This question thus pertains to both the author\u2019s cognitive and pragmatic attitude \r\ntowards the object of his interpretative enterprise, and, closely related to these, to the \r\nspecific cultural and sociological context in which the author pursues his exegesis. It is \r\nalso in this second part that I shall try to present a sympathetic rendering of the so-called \r\n\u2018allegorical\u2019 method of the Derveni author. [Introduction, p. 37]","btype":2,"date":"2004","language":"English","online_url":"","online_resources":"https:\/\/uni-koeln.sciebo.de\/s\/GJjS0gyR2rIo9Cj","doi_url":null,"categories":[],"authors":[{"id":398,"full_name":"Betegh, G\u00e1bor","role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"}},{"id":98,"full_name":"Adamson, Peter","role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"}},{"id":39,"full_name":"Baltussen, Han","role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"}},{"id":111,"full_name":"Stone, Martin W. F.","role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"}}],"book":null,"booksection":{"id":1007,"section_of":233,"pages":"37-50","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":233,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":null,"type":4,"language":"en","title":"Philosophy, Science and Exegesis in Greek, Arabic and Latin commentaries, Volume 1","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"Adamson\/Baltussen\/Stone2004","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2004","edition_no":null,"free_date":"2004","abstract":"This two volume Supplement to the Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies represents the proceedings of a conference held at the Institute on 27-29 June, 2002 in honour of Richard Sorabji. These volumes, which are intended to build on the massive achievement of Professor Sorabji\u2019s Ancient Commentators on Aristotle series, focus on the commentary as a vehicle of philosophical and scientific thought. Volume One deals with the Greek tradition, including one paper on Byzantine philosophy and one on the Latin author Calcidius, who is very close to the late Greek tradition in outlook. The volume begins with an overview of the tradition of commenting on Aristotle and of the study of this tradition in the modern era. It concludes with an up-to-date bibliography of scholarship devoted to the commentators.","republication_of":null,"online_url":"","online_resources":"https:\/\/uni-koeln.sciebo.de\/s\/AV77iy4WOXfGTHR","translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"doi_url":null,"book":{"id":233,"pubplace":"London","publisher":"Institute of Classical Studies","series":"Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies (BICS)","volume":"Supplement 83.1","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":{"id":1007,"journal_id":null,"journal_name":"Philosophy, Science and Exegesis in Greek, Arabic and Latin Commentaries","volume":"38","issue":"1","pages":"37-50"}},"sort":["Exegesis in the Derveni Papyrus"]}

From Polemic to Exegesis: The Ancient Philosophical Commentary, 2007
By: Baltussen, Han
Title From Polemic to Exegesis: The Ancient Philosophical Commentary
Type Article
Language English
Date 2007
Journal Poetics Today
Volume 28
Issue 2
Pages 247–281
Categories no categories
Author(s) Baltussen, Han
Editor(s)
Translator(s)
Commentary  was  an  important  vehicle  for  philosophical  debate  in late  antiquity.  Its  antecedents  lie in  the rise  of rational  argumentation,  polemical rivalry, literacy,  and the canonization of texts. This essay aims to give a historical and typological outline of philosophical exegesis in antiquity, from the earliest alle­gorizing readings  of Homer to  the  full-blown “running commentary” in the  Pla­tonic tradition (fourth to sixth centuries CE). Running commentaries are mostly on authoritative thinkers such as Plato and Aristotle. Yet they are never mere scholarly enterprises but, rather,  springboards for syncretistic clarification, elaboration,  and creative interpretation. Two case studies (Galen 129-219 CE, Simplicius ca. 530 CE) will illustrate the range of exegetical tools available at the end of a long tradition in medical science and in reading Aristotle through Neoplatonic eyes, respectively.

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Philology or Philosophy? Simplicius on the Use of Quotations, 2002
By: Baltussen, Han, Foley, John Miles (Ed.), Worthington, Ian (Ed.)
Title Philology or Philosophy? Simplicius on the Use of Quotations
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2002
Published in Epea and grammata : oral and written communication in ancient Greece
Pages 173-189
Categories no categories
Author(s) Baltussen, Han
Editor(s) Foley, John Miles , Worthington, Ian
Translator(s)
This  chapter  will  examine  a  small  aspect  of the  scholarly  method 
of  the  commentator  Simplicius.  It  seems  appropriate  to  start  with 
some justification  for  dealing  with  an  author  from  Late  Antiquity  on 
the  theme  of orality  and  literacy,  as  it  is  generally  assumed  that  these 
terms  refer  to  the  ‘early’  stages  of Greek  culture  when  w'riting  found 
its  way  into  the  intellectual  activities  of Greek  society.  As  I  shall  dis­
cuss  the  methodology  of a  member  of the  Platonic  school  of around 
530  AD,  the  briefest  statement  to  qualify  the  terms  for  this  period 
is  to  say  that  author  belonged  to  a  highly  literate  and  tradition-con­
scious  movement,  which  taught  and  studied  philosophy  building  on 
previous  attempts  at  exegesis. [p. 174]

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Philosophers, Exegetes, Scholars: The Ancient Philosophical Commentary from Plato to Simplicius, 2015
By: Baltussen, Han, Kraus, Christina S. (Ed.), Stray, Christopher (Ed.)
Title Philosophers, Exegetes, Scholars: The Ancient Philosophical Commentary from Plato to Simplicius
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2015
Published in Classical Commentaries: Explorations in a Scholarly Genre
Pages 173-194
Categories no categories
Author(s) Baltussen, Han
Editor(s) Kraus, Christina S. , Stray, Christopher
Translator(s)
This chapter traces the evolution of the philosophical commentary and aims to show how the increasingly scholarly nature of the commentary culture exerted a distinctive influence on philosophical methods and discourses. While Plato was perhaps a proto-exegete, systematic commenting only took off in the first century bee once an authoritative “corpus” of works had been established. Commenting on specific texts became an important way to philosophize. The ancient philosophical commentary thus emerged as a “natural by-product” of the ongoing dialogue between teachers and students. Good evidence for written commentary is found in the first century BCE and CE, foreshadowing the rise of the full running commentary of a quite scholarly nature by Aristotelians like Aspasius and Alexander of Aphrodisias (2nd c. CE); after Plotinus (205-270 CE) the Platonists added their own interpretive works on Aristotle, leading to the comprehensive exegeses of Proclus (fifth c.) and Simplicius (sixth c. CE).

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CE).","btype":2,"date":"2015","language":"English","online_url":"","online_resources":"https:\/\/uni-koeln.sciebo.de\/s\/VvcnF5qS7SxBugS","doi_url":null,"categories":[],"authors":[{"id":39,"full_name":"Baltussen, Han","role":{"id":1,"role_name":"author"}},{"id":384,"full_name":"Kraus, Christina S.","role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"}},{"id":385,"full_name":"Stray, Christopher","role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"}}],"book":null,"booksection":{"id":963,"section_of":292,"pages":"173-194","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":292,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":null,"type":4,"language":"en","title":"Classical Commentaries: Explorations in a Scholarly Genre","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"Kraus\/Stray2015","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2015","edition_no":null,"free_date":"2015","abstract":"This book consists of twenty-six chapters on classical commentaries which deal with commentaries from the ancient world to the twentieth century. The book contributes to the interface between two emerging fields of study: the history of scholarship and the history of the book. It builds on earlier work on this area by paying particular attention to: (1) specific editions, whether those regarded as classics in their own right, or those that seem representative of important trends or orientations in scholarship; (2) traditions of commentary on specific classical authors; and (3) the processes of publishing and printing as they have related to the production of editions. 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Philosophy and Exegesis in Simplicius: The Methodology of a Commentator, 2008
By: Baltussen, Han
Title Philosophy and Exegesis in Simplicius: The Methodology of a Commentator
Type Monograph
Language English
Date 2008
Publication Place London
Publisher Duckworth
Categories no categories
Author(s) Baltussen, Han
Editor(s)
Translator(s)
This is the first book-length study in English of the interpretative and philosophical approach of the commentaries of Simplicius of Cilicia (c. AD 530). Simplicius' work, marked by doctrinal complexity and scholarship, is unusually self-conscious, learned and rich in its sources, and he is therefore one of those rare authors who is of interest to ancient philosophers, historians and classicists alike. Here, Han Baltussen argues that our understanding of Simplicius' methodology will be greatly enhanced if we study how his scholarly approach impacts on his philosophical exegesis. His commentaries are placed in their intellectual context and several case studies shed light on his critical treatment of earlier philosophers and his often polemical use of previous commentaries. "Philosophy and Exegesis in Simplicius" not only clarifies the objectives, pre-suppositions and impact of Simplicius' work, but also illustrates how, as a competent philosopher explicating Aristotelian and Platonic ideas, he continues and develops a method that pursues philosophy by way of exegetical engagement with earlier thinkers and commentators. The investigation opens up connections with broader issues, such as the reception of Presocratic philosophy within the commentary tradition, the nature and purpose of his commentaries, and the demise of pagan philosophy.

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Philosophy, Science and Exegesis in Greek, Arabic and Latin commentaries, Volume 1, 2004
By: Adamson, Peter (Ed.), Baltussen, Han (Ed.), Stone, Martin W. F. (Ed.)
Title Philosophy, Science and Exegesis in Greek, Arabic and Latin commentaries, Volume 1
Type Edited Book
Language English
Date 2004
Publication Place London
Publisher Institute of Classical Studies
Series Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies (BICS)
Volume Supplement 83.1
Categories no categories
Author(s)
Editor(s) Adamson, Peter , Baltussen, Han , Stone, Martin W. F.
Translator(s)
This two volume Supplement to the Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies represents the proceedings of a conference held at the Institute on 27-29 June, 2002 in honour of Richard Sorabji. These volumes, which are intended to build on the massive achievement of Professor Sorabji’s Ancient Commentators on Aristotle series, focus on the commentary as a vehicle of philosophical and scientific thought. Volume One deals with the Greek tradition, including one paper on Byzantine philosophy and one on the Latin author Calcidius, who is very close to the late Greek tradition in outlook. The volume begins with an overview of the tradition of commenting on Aristotle and of the study of this tradition in the modern era. It concludes with an up-to-date bibliography of scholarship devoted to the commentators.

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Porphyry: The first Platonist commentator on Aristotle, 2004
By: Karamanolis, George, Adamson, Peter (Ed.), Baltussen, Han (Ed.), Stone, Martin W. F. (Ed.)
Title Porphyry: The first Platonist commentator on Aristotle
Type Book Section
Language English
Date 2004
Published in Philosophy, Science and Exegesis in Greek, Arabic and Latin commentaries, Volume 1
Pages 97-120
Categories no categories
Author(s) Karamanolis, George
Editor(s) Adamson, Peter , Baltussen, Han , Stone, Martin W. F.
Translator(s)
In  this  paper  I  shall  argue  that  Porphyry  was  the  first  Platonist  philosopher  to  write commentaries on Aristotle’s  works.  Previous  scholars  have  come  close  to  maintaining 
such a view,  but to my knowledge,  this  has never been  expressly  argued.  They  usually hold that Porphyry was the first of the  Neoplatonists  (ie.  the Platonists  after Plotinus)  to write commentaries on Aristotle,  but  not the first of the entire  Platonist  tradition.  One reason  for  this  is  that  Porphyry’s  estimation  of  Aristotle’s  philosophy  has  not  been sufficiently  appreciated.  In  addition,  I  think,  the  particular  nature  of  philosophical commentary, composed systematically in late antiquity by philosophers  such  as  Alexander of Aphrodisias,  Porphyry,  or  Iamblichus  remains  in  need  of  clarification,  as  does  its philosophical  motivation.  As  a  result,  scholars  have tended to  credit several  Platonists 
before Porphyry with the writing of commentaries  on  Aristotelian  works,  simply  because they appear to have made various sorts of comments  on  one or  more of his  works.  I  will argue  that  these  Platonists  did  not,  however,  produce commentaries  of  the  sort  that Porphyry did, which I consider to be ‘commentaries’ in the proper sense of the  term.  Their failure to do so, I will argue, owes to their particular shared philosophical  background, one which, as I will argue, changes with Porphyry. In the first part of my paper (I) I will outline the difference between the various forms of commentary and the  specific form  of commentary  written  by  Porphyry.  I  will  claim  that in  the  latter  case  the  author  sets  out  to  write  a  commentary  in  order  to  facilitate  and 
encourage  its  study and assist in  its  teaching. This presupposes acceptance  of  the  views 
expressed by the source text and implies an  assertion of its  authority.  The examination of 
the evidence concerning the Platonists  before  Porphyry shows that none of them  can  be 
credited with a commentary  on  Aristotle  of the  sort  written  by  Porphyry  (II).  I  will  then 
try  to  explain  why  Porphyry  wrote commentaries  on  Aristotle  in  the  first  place  (III), which leads  me  to  conjecture  that  he  considered Aristotle’s  views  in  the  Categories (IV), the  Physics  (V),  and  on  first  principles  (VI)  compatible  with  those  of  Plato  and  also sufficiently  philosophically  valuable  as  to  deserve  serious  study.  I  will  conclude  that Porphyry wrote commentaries on Aristotle because, given his interpretations of Aristotle’s views, he accepted him as an authority  next  to  Plato,  and this  represented something  new in the Platonic tradition (VII). [introduction, p. 97]

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One reason for this is that Porphyry\u2019s estimation of Aristotle\u2019s philosophy has not been sufficiently appreciated. In addition, I think, the particular nature of philosophical commentary, composed systematically in late antiquity by philosophers such as Alexander of Aphrodisias, Porphyry, or Iamblichus remains in need of clarification, as does its philosophical motivation. As a result, scholars have tended to credit several Platonists \r\nbefore Porphyry with the writing of commentaries on Aristotelian works, simply because they appear to have made various sorts of comments on one or more of his works. I will argue that these Platonists did not, however, produce commentaries of the sort that Porphyry did, which I consider to be \u2018commentaries\u2019 in the proper sense of the term. Their failure to do so, I will argue, owes to their particular shared philosophical background, one which, as I will argue, changes with Porphyry. In the first part of my paper (I) I will outline the difference between the various forms of commentary and the specific form of commentary written by Porphyry. I will claim that in the latter case the author sets out to write a commentary in order to facilitate and \r\nencourage its study and assist in its teaching. This presupposes acceptance of the views \r\nexpressed by the source text and implies an assertion of its authority. The examination of \r\nthe evidence concerning the Platonists before Porphyry shows that none of them can be \r\ncredited with a commentary on Aristotle of the sort written by Porphyry (II). I will then \r\ntry to explain why Porphyry wrote commentaries on Aristotle in the first place (III), which leads me to conjecture that he considered Aristotle\u2019s views in the Categories (IV), the Physics (V), and on first principles (VI) compatible with those of Plato and also sufficiently philosophically valuable as to deserve serious study. 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F.","role":{"id":2,"role_name":"editor"}}],"book":null,"booksection":{"id":1362,"section_of":233,"pages":"97-120","is_catalog":null,"book":{"id":233,"bilderberg_idno":null,"dare_idno":null,"catalog_idno":null,"entry_type":null,"type":4,"language":"en","title":"Philosophy, Science and Exegesis in Greek, Arabic and Latin commentaries, Volume 1","title_transcript":"","title_translation":"","short_title":"Adamson\/Baltussen\/Stone2004","has_no_author":null,"volume":null,"date":"2004","edition_no":null,"free_date":"2004","abstract":"This two volume Supplement to the Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies represents the proceedings of a conference held at the Institute on 27-29 June, 2002 in honour of Richard Sorabji. These volumes, which are intended to build on the massive achievement of Professor Sorabji\u2019s Ancient Commentators on Aristotle series, focus on the commentary as a vehicle of philosophical and scientific thought. Volume One deals with the Greek tradition, including one paper on Byzantine philosophy and one on the Latin author Calcidius, who is very close to the late Greek tradition in outlook. The volume begins with an overview of the tradition of commenting on Aristotle and of the study of this tradition in the modern era. It concludes with an up-to-date bibliography of scholarship devoted to the commentators.","republication_of":null,"online_url":"","online_resources":"https:\/\/uni-koeln.sciebo.de\/s\/AV77iy4WOXfGTHR","translation_of":null,"new_edition_of":null,"is_catalog":0,"in_bibliography":0,"is_inactive":0,"notes":null,"doi_url":null,"book":{"id":233,"pubplace":"London","publisher":"Institute of Classical Studies","series":"Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies (BICS)","volume":"Supplement 83.1","edition_no":"","valid_from":null,"valid_until":null}}},"article":null},"sort":["Porphyry: The first Platonist commentator on Aristotle"]}

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